vocabulary #2

Abortion: premature spontaneous expulsion of the fetus from uterus.

aneuploidy: having one more or one less chromosome relative to the parental chromosome number.

autosome: any chrosome of a time that is the same in females a

nd males of the specie.

Crossing over:interaction in which non-sister chromatids of a pair of homologous chromosomes break at corresponding sites.

Deletion: loss of a segment from a chromosome.

Diseas: when difenses aren't mobilized fast enought.

Double-blind study: different investigators independently collect, then compare data.

duplication:gene sequence repeated several to may hundrededs or thousan of times.

genetic abnormality:a rare or less common version of a heritable trait.

genetic disoder: any inherited condition that cause mild to severe medical problems.

genetic recombination:result of any process that puts new genetic information into a DNA molecules.

Homologous Chromoseome: one of a pair of chromosomes identicaly in size,shape, and gene sequence.

in-vitro fertilization: conception outside the body.

independent assortmen: Mendelian theory that by the end of meiosis, each pair of homologous chromosomes are stored before shipment to gamets independently of how the other pairs were sorted.

inversion: part of the chromosome that became oriented in reverse.

karyotype: preparation of metaphase chromosome sorted by lenght.

Linkage group: all genes of a chromosome.

mosaicism: cells of same type express genes differently.

Non-disjunction: failure of sister chromatids or pair of homologous chromosomes to separate during mitosis or meiosis.

polyploidy: having three or more of each type of chromosomes in the nucleus of a eukaryotc cell.

reciprocal cross: a paired of cross.

sex chromosome:a chromosome with genes that affect sexual trait.

syndrome:a set of symptoms that may not individually be a telling clue but collectively characterize a genetic disorder or disease.

translocation: movement of a stretch of DNA to a new chromosomal location with no molecular loss.

X & Y chromosome: Are types of sex chromosomes. An XX mamalian embryo becomes female; and a XY embryo becomes male.